I was a precocious junior manager in charge of a key process for the 386 silicon chip.

那时的我是一个青涩的初级经理，负责整个386芯片设计中的关键一步。

Then sometime in the future, the DNA on that silicon chip can be translated back into digital information.

在未来的某个时候，该片上的DNA可以为数字信息。

Even the production of silicon chips uses sand.

甚至芯片的生产也使用沙子。

That are used by the semiconductor manufacturing industry to make silicon chips.

这些用于制造芯片的坩埚，正是半导体制造业所依赖的。

The silicon chips are smaller than a child's hand. Each one has living cells that act and react like a human organ.

这些晶片比小孩的手还要小，每个都有能像人体器官一样运作和反应的活细胞。

At Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio, research scientists have designed a 4-inch silicon chip that holds 700 tiny primitive motors.

在俄亥俄州克利夫兰的凯斯西储， 究科家设计了一个 4 英寸的芯片， 可容纳 700 个微型原始电机。

Fab plant is used to talk about one where hi-tech manufacturing of silicon chips – the main components of computers – takes place.

Fab plant 用于谈论高科技制造芯片（计算机的主要部件）的地方。

Fabrications of these meta-lenses should also be much more cost-effective, compatible with silicon chip technology versus complex polishing and sometimes stringent requirements for high-performance lenses.

这些超透镜的制造也应该更具成本效益，与芯片技术兼容， 而不是复杂的抛光和有时对高性能透镜的严格要求。

Technological innovations such as the water wheel, the plow, the steam engine, electricity or the silicon chip can make a tremendous difference in whether work will be enjoyable or not.

诸如水车、犁、蒸汽机、电力或芯片等技术革新可以极地影响工作是否令人愉快。

Intagliata:  Still, they all pointed out that silicon chips first reached this level of complexity a long time ago—in the 70s and 80s—and had to overcome many similar challenges to get where they are today.

Intagliata：尽管如此，他们都指出，芯片在很久以前——在 70 年代和 80 年代——首次达到了这种复杂程度，并且必须克服许多类似的挑战才能达到今天的水平。